Sherobod dehqonchilik o‘lkasi. Ko‘hitangtog‘ yon bag‘ri yaylovlari va Ulanbuloqsoy va Sherobod daryolari suv havzalarini o‘z ichiga oladi. Kuchuk I davrida vohaning markazi rolini Kuchuktepa yodgorligi bajargan bo‘lsa, Qadimgi Baqtriya madaniyati davriga kelib bu o‘lkada Jondavlattepa shahri bunyod etiladi va u vohaning markazi vazifasini o‘taydi. Agar Kuchuktepa strategik jihatdan noqulay, kichik suv o‘zani bo‘yida joylashgan bo‘lsa, Jondavlattepa Sherobod daryo o‘zanida, xalqaro savdo, ya’ni Maroqand – Baqtra yo‘li ustida joylashganligi bilan xarakterlanadi. Jondavlattepaning umumiy maydoni 8 gektardan iborat bo‘lib, ark va shahar qismlaridan iborat. Yodgorlikda o‘tkazilgan stratigrafik tadqiqotlar bu yerda x.e.av. VIII asrdan boshlab, eramizning IV asrigacha shahar hayoti davom etganligini ko‘rsatdi 1. Sherobod dehqonchilik o‘lkasida Jondavlattepadan tashqari Kuchuktepa, Talashqontepa I kabi yodgorliklar joylashgan. Shimoliy Baqtriyaning ilk temir davriga oid janubiy O‘zbekiston hududida mukammal o‘rganilgan harbiy istehkom-qal’alaridan biri Talashqontepadir. Bu yodgorlik Sherobod tumanining Boyqishloq yonida joylashgan. U doira shaklida, diametri 135m. Qalinligi 5 m.dan kam bo‘lmagan mudofaa devorlari bilan o‘rab olingan. Mudofaa devori 15 ta yarim aylana shaklidagi burjlar bilan mustahkamlangan. Devor va burjlarga ikki qator shinaklar o‘rnatilgan. Yodgorlikda arxeologik qazishmalar olib borgan E.V.Rtveladze va Sh.R.Pidayevlarning yozishicha, qal’aning asosiy mudofaasi uning qalin va baland devori ustida olib borilgan [Rtveladze E.V., Pidayev Sh.R. 1993]. Qal’aga kirish darvozasi uning shimoliy-g‘arbiy tomonida, uzun yo‘lak shaklida qurilgan. Qal’aning ichida mudofaa devori bo‘ylab uy-joylar qurilgan. Qal’aning markaziy qismi esa ochiq hovli bo‘lib, u yerda kunduzlari harbiy mashqlar va turli tadbirlar o‘tkazilgan, kechalari esa, hayvon saqlangan. Qazish jarayonida qal’ada juda ko‘p don saqlash xumlari topildi. Qal’a devorlari ostida, burjlar ichida behisob bronza va suyakdan yasalgan o‘q-yoy uchlari, sopol parchalari topildi. Bu topilmalar qal’aning funksional xarakterini belgilaydi [Shirinov T., Shaydullayev Sh.]. Talashqontepa I doira va kvadrat shaklida qurilgan qal’alar tipiga mansub bo‘lib, ushbu tipga oid yodgorliklar kuchli mudofaalanganligi va harbiy xarakterga egaligi bilan xarakterlanadi. Qal’aning ichki qismi ochiq hovlidan iborat bo‘lib, yashash uylari faqat mudofaa devorlari bo‘ylab qurilganligi kuzatilgan. Qadimgi Baqtriya madaniyati oid Talashqontepa I yodgorligi qurilishlarga alohida e’tibor berilgan. Bunday deyishimizga yetarlicha arxeologik ma’lumotlar to‘plangan. Masalan Qiziltepa, Xaitobodtepa shaharlari eng rivojlangan fortifikatsiya bilan mudofaa qilingan bo‘lsa, Talashqontepa I va Bandixontepa II harbiy istehkomlari alohida mudofaa inshootlari sifatida shakllanadi. Shaharlarning ark va shahar qismi ham mudofaa devorlari bilan o‘rab olinganligi va ayni vaqtda chuqur va keng handaqlarning ham qazilganligining guvohi bo‘lamiz. Shaharlarning mudofaa devorlari poydevorlar ustiga qurilib, devor qalinligi 5 metrgacha boradi. Mudofaa devorlariga burjlar o‘rnatilib, shaharlarning mudofaa qudrati yanada oshirilgan. Devorlar ham, burjlar ham shinaklar bilan ta’minlangan. O‘rta Osiyo arxeologiyasida mudofaa devorilarga burjlar o‘rnatish bronza davridan ma’lum bo‘lsa-da, ularga shinaklar qo‘yish ilk marotaba Qadimgi Baqtriya madaniyati davrida kashf etilganligi shu davrda mudofaa ishlariga alohida e’tibor berilganligiga yana bir bor ishoradir. Talashqontepa mudofaa inshootining takomillashuvi jang qurollarining takomillashuvi bilan mutanosib ravishda kechgan. Qadimgi Baqtriya madaniyati davrida ilk marotaba uch qirrali paykonlarning kashf etilganligini kuzatishimiz mumkin. Talashqon I va Bandixon II yodgorliklari Ahamoniylar imperiyasi tuzumining harbiy dispotizm ekanligini tasdiqlovchi har bir dehqonchilik o‘lkasida alohida qurilgan harbiy istehkomlar – qal’alar sifatida vujudga kelganligini ko‘rishimiz mumkin. Baqtriyaning ahamoniylar davri yodgorliklarini, uning moddiy madaniyatini o‘rganish va boshqa hududlar bilan taqqoslash natijasida shunday xulosaga keldikki, Baqtriyaning Ahamoniylar imperiyasi tarkibida o‘z o‘rni bo‘lgan. Baqtriyaliklar Eron Ahamoniylari harbiy qurollarining takomillashuviga katta hissa qo‘shishgan. O‘rta Osiyo qurollarining, har xil taqinchoqlarning va metalldan ishlangan idishlarning Eronga olib borilganligi Persepol releflarida ifodalangan rasmlarda ko‘rinadi. Undan tashqari metall qalqonli, otlari ham qalqon bilan himoya qilingan jangchilarning, ya’ni shu tarzda qurollanish odatining Ahamoniylar davrida Eronga, undan old Osiyoga va Hindistonga tarqalganligi ko‘plab tadqiqotchilar tomonidan zikr etiladi. Bu ma’lumotlar harbiy sohaning rivojlanganligini ko‘rsatadi. Biz yuqorida Shimoliy Baqtriya hududlarida bronza va ilk temir davrida yashagan o‘troq ajdodlarimizga tegishli Tallashqon yodgorligi haqida fikr yuritdik. Uo‘bu yodgorlik o‘zbek elatining xalq sifatida ilk bor shakllanish davri moddiy madaniyati bo‘lib, ularning izlari, ularga xos original moddiy madaniyat obidalari ilk temir davridan boshlab, mamlakatmizning boshqa hududlarigayam ham keng tarqalgan.
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