Ўзбекистонда 2023-йилга бориб кредит фоиз ставкалари 5-10 фоизга тушиши мумкин. Бунинг учун инфляция даражаси 5 фоизга тушиши керак бўлади. Бу ҳақда Ўзбекистон Марказий банки бошқаруви раиси Мамаризо Нурмуродов ЎзАга берган интервюсида маълум қилди.
Markaziy bank rahbarining so‘zlariga ko‘ra, Markaziy bankning asosiy stavkasi 14 foiz etib belgilangani kredit foiz stavkalarining pasayishida muhim omil bo‘lmoqda. Milliy valyutadagi kreditlar bo‘yicha o‘rtacha tortilgan foiz stavkalari 20,6 foizgacha pasaydi.
Xususan, yuridik shaxslar kreditlari bo‘yicha foiz stavkalari 2020-yil boshidagi 24,3 foizdan 19,5 foizgacha, jismoniy shaxslar kreditlari bo‘yicha esa yil boshidagi 28,1 foizdan 22,3 foizgacha pasaydi. “5-10 foiz bo‘lishi uchun inflyatsiya 5 foizga tushishi kerak bo‘ladi. Balki, 2023-yilga borib, ana shunday natijaga erisharmiz”, — dedi Mamarizo Nurmurodov.
Qayd etilishicha, koronavirus pandemiyasi dunyoda shiddat bilan tarqalgani iqtisodiyotga o‘z ta’sirini o‘tkazmay qolmadi. Ayni vaqtda O‘zbekistondagi bank mijozlar qo‘lidagi 26,5 trillion so‘mlik kreditning 19 trillioni yuridik shaxslarga tegishli bo‘lsa, qolgani aholiga berilgan. Pandemiya munosabati bilan kredit olgan 85 foiz jismoniy shaxslarning to‘lov muddati uzaytirilgan. Agarda 1-oktabrdan karantin holati yumshab, iqtisodiy faollik tiklansa, banklar mijozlar bilan hisob-kitob o‘tkazadi. Biroq korxona faoliyati tiklanmagan bo‘lsa, banklar ularga alohida yondashadi.
Ma’lum qilinishicha, 2020-yilning sakkiz oyida tadbirkorlik subyektlariga ajratgan kreditlari qoldig‘i 40,7 trillion so‘mga (24,2 foiz) va aholiga ajratilgan kreditlar qoldig‘i 10 trillion so‘mga (25,3 foiz) o‘sganligini ko‘rish mumkin.
Mamarizo Nurmurodovning bildirishicha, O‘zbekiston oilaviy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirishga e’tibor qaratilmoqda. Kam ta’minlangan, iqtisodiy ahvoli og‘irroq bo‘lgan aholi qatlamiga kredit ajratish borasida davlat dasturi belgilangan. Unga ko‘ra, 50 million so‘mgacha mablag‘ hech qanday garovsiz, sektorlar tavsiyanomasi bilan beriladi.
Bu tizim 2018-yilda boshlagan bo‘lib, hozirgacha 9,5 trillion so‘mlik kreditlar ajratilgan. Bu mablag‘dan bir million nafarga yaqin aholi foydalandi. Tizimni rivojlantirish uchun davlat hisobidan bu yil ham 2 trillion so‘mga yaqin qo‘shimcha mablag‘ ajratilgan. Yil oxiriga qadar yana bir trillion so‘m yo‘naltirish mo‘ljallangan.
Markaziy bank raisining so‘zlariga ko‘ra, bu pullar hammaga yetmasligi mumkin. Ammo ko‘proq mablag‘ ajratilmayotganining o‘ziga yarasha sabablari bor. Misol uchun, o‘tgan yillarda berilgan kreditlarning asosiy qismi 2020-yilning 1-oktabrigacha bo‘lgan muddatda qaytishi kerak edi. Ammo ularga yana imtiyoz berishga majbur bo‘lindi. Agar pandemiya davom etsa, eski kreditlarni uzaytirish, yangilarini berishda qiyinchilik bo‘lishi mumkin.
Shuningdek, Mamarizo Nurmurodov issiqxona va chorvachilik yo‘nalishlaridagi kreditlar masalasida berilgan savollarga ham javob bergan. Bu turdagi kreditlarda mablag‘ni naqd pul shaklida emas, qaysidir firmalarga o‘tkazish qator savollarni yuzaga chiqarmoqda. Misol uchun, bunday amaliyot tufayli 5 million so‘mlik qoramol narxi 10 million so‘mga aylanib qolmoqda.
“Oilaviy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish doirasida eng asosiy va ko‘p kreditlar aynan shu ikki yo‘nalishda berilmoqda. To‘g‘ri, bu holatda iste’molchi sifatida siz haqsiz. Qoramolni arzon olishga ham haqlisiz. Lekin jarayonga makroiqtisodiy nuqtayi nazardan ham qarashimiz shart. Ko‘pchilik yaxshi eslaydi, 2016-yilda qoramolchilik, parrandachilik, limonchilikni rivojlantirish uchun aholiga ko‘p miqdorda kreditlar berildi. Shunda aynan qoramol xaridi uchun 2,7 trillion so‘m ajratilgan edi. So‘ngra go‘sht va qoramol narxi keskin oshib ketdi. Chunki mavjud qoramollarning ma’lum egasi bor. Siz yangi qoramol egasi bo‘lmoqchisiz, lekin qoramol soni ko‘paygani yo‘q. Bu o‘z-o‘zidan narxlarni oshishiga olib keldi. Shu sababli biz viloyat hokimliklariga tuyoq sonini ko‘paytirgan holda aholiga kredit berishni talab qildik.
Naqd pul shaklida ham beriladigan kreditlar bor. Misol uchun, vodiy viloyatlarida kasanachilar, hunarmandlar ko‘p. Do‘ppido‘zlar, kashtachilarga kreditni naqd pul shaklida beramiz. Ya’ni kartochkaga tushirib beriladi. Nonvoylarga kreditning 30 foizi naqd pulda, qolgani plastik kartochkaga tashlab berilmoqda. Bunday shaxslar berilgan tavsiyanomada faoliyatining ma’lum qismi bozorda naqd pul bilan bog‘liq ekani ko‘rsatiladi”, — deya ma’lum qilgan Markaziy bank rahbari.
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