Apellyatsiya va kassatsiya tartibida ish yuritish tamoyili oʻzgardi

Sudlar tomonidan nizolarni mazmunan koʻrib chiqish yakuni yuzasidan amal qiladigan qoidaga koʻra, sudda muayyan bir nizo daʼvogar yoki javobgar tarafning foydasiga, yoxud, aksincha ulardan birining ziyoniga qabul qilinishi tayin. Baʼzi holatlarda qabul qilingan sud hujjati ishda ishtirok etmagan shaxslarning huquq va manfaatlariga daxl qilishi mumkin. Biroq, manfaatdor shaxslar har qanday holatda, yaʼni sud hujjati qonuniy va adolatli qabul qilingan boʻlishidan qatʼiy nazar uning ustidan apellyatsiya yoki kassatsiya tartibida shikoyat qilishi mumkin, qaysiki bu ularning mutlaq huquqi hisoblanadi.
Aytish joizki, sudlar tomonidan aksariyat hollarda nizolar qonunchilikka muvofiq toʻgʻri hal qilinib, qonuniy va asoslantirilgan sud hujjatlari qabul qilib kelinadi. Biroq, amaliyotda sudyalardagi tajribasizlik yoki eʼtiborsizliklar sababqonun normalarini nizoli huquqiy munosabatda qoʻllashda yoʻl qoʻyiladigan xatoliklar bois noqonuniy sud hujjati chiqarilishiga sabab boʻlishi mumkin. Biroq, sud hujjatlarining qonuniyligi yuzasidan apellyatsiya va kassatsiya tartibida koʻrib chiqilishi quyi instantsiya sudlarida yoʻl qoʻyilgan xatolarni oʻz vaqtida bartaraf etish imkonini beradi.Shu oʻrinda, apellyatsiya va kassatsiya yuridik atamalarining tushunchasi va mohiyatiga qisqacha toʻxtalish oʻrinlidir.
Shuni taʼkidlash lozimki, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining “Sud qarorlarini qayta koʻrish instituti takomillashtirilishi munosabati bilan Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Iqtisodiy protsessual kodeksiga oʻzgartish va qoʻshimchalar kiritish toʻgʻrisida”gi 2021 yil 12 yanvardagi OʻRQ-663-sonli Qonuni qabul qilinishi bilan iqtisodiy ishlar boʻyicha apellyatsiya va kassatsiya instantsiyalarida ish yuritish va mazkur yuqori sud instantsiyalarining vakolatlaritubdan isloh qilindi.
Xususan, Qonundagi muhim oʻzgarishlarga muvofiq joriy etilgan “bir sud–bir instantsiya” qoidalari boʻyicha apellyatsiya shikoyatlari (protestlari) tegishli tumanlararo, tuman (shahar) iqtisodiy sudlarining hal qiluv qarorlari ustidan berilganda – Qoraqalpogʻiston Respublikasi sudi, viloyatlar va Toshkent shahar sudlarining iqtisodiy ishlar boʻyicha sudlov hayʼati tomonidan, Qoraqalpogʻiston Respublikasi sudi, viloyatlar va Toshkent shahar sudlarining hal qiluv qarorlari, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy sudining hal qiluv qarorlari ustidan berilganda – Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy sudining Iqtisodiy ishlar boʻyicha sudlov hayʼati tomonidan koʻrib chiqilishi belgilandi. Demak, quyi boʻgʻin sifatida tuman iqtisodiy sudlarining qabul qilgan sud hujjatlari ustidan apellyatsiya shikoyatlari viloyat sudlari tomonidan, oʻrta boʻgʻin sifatida viloyat sudlarining sud hujjatlari ustidan apellyatsiya shikoyatlari esa oliy boʻgʻinda Oliy sud tomonidan koʻrib chiqish amaliyoti joriy etildi. Viloyat sudlarining kassatsiya instantsiyasi vakolatlari bekor qilinib,Oliy sud sudlov hayʼatlarining vakolatiga oʻtkazildi. Shunga, endilikda birinchi instantsiya sudining apellyatsiya tartibida koʻrilgan hal qiluv qarori va apellyatsiya instantsiyasi sudining qarori ustidan berilgan kassatsiya shikoyati (protesti) Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy sudining Iqtisodiy ishlar boʻyicha sudlov hayʼati tomonidan koʻriladi.
Prokuror, yuqori turuvchi prokuror faqat prokuror ishtirokida koʻrilgan ishlar boʻyicha, shuningdek taraflarning murojaati mavjud boʻlgan taqdirda birinchi instantsiya sudining qonuniy kuchga kirmagan hal qiluv qarori ustidan apellyatsiya protesti, apellyatsiya tartibida koʻrilgan hal qiluv qarori va apellyatsiya instantsiyasi sudining qarori ustidan kassatsiya protesti keltirishga haqli. Bunda prokuror tomonidan sud hujjati ustidan apellyatsiya va kassatsiya protestini keltirishning muhim sharti ish prokuror ishtirokida koʻrilgan boʻlishi, shuningdek taraflarning murojaati mavjud boʻlishi lozimligi qatʼiy belgilandi.
Shuningdek, qonun bilan Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti huzuridagi Tadbirkorlik subʼektlarining huquqlari va qonuniy manfaatlarini himoya qilish boʻyicha vakilga tadbirkorlik subʼektlari oʻrtasida yuzaga keladigan iqtisodiy nizolar boʻyicha apellyatsiya va kassatsiya shikoyatlarini berish huquqlari berildi. Muhimi, qayd etilgan shaxslar tomonidan apellyatsiya va kassatsiya shikoyatlari (protestlari)ni taqdim etishda qonunda belgilangan protsessual muddatlarga hamda shikoyat mazmuniga oid talablarga rioya etilishi lozim.
Xulosa qilish mumkinki, sud hujjatlari ustidan apellyatsiya va kassatsiya shikoyatlarini koʻrib chiqilishi quyi sudlar tomonidan qabul qilingan qarorlarning qonuniyligini tekshirish bilan birga sud ishtirokchilarining buzilgan huquqlarining himoya qilinishida va odil sudlovni taʼminlashda, buning pirovardida esa jamiyatda ijtimoiy adolatni taʼminlashda aholi va tadbirkorlik subʼektlarining sudlarga nisbatan ishonchini yanada mustahkamlashda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Surxondaryo viloyat sudining sudya katta yordamchisi Saida Nuriyeva

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