AQShdagi siyosiy yangiliklarning Lotin Amerikasiga taʼsiri va 2020 yilning eng noyob kashfiyotlari. Jahon matbuoti sharhi

Lotin Amerikasi tashqi siyosati mustaqil boʻladimi?Lotin Amerikasining tashqi siyosati butun tarixi mobaynida aksar holatlarda AQShga qaram boʻlib kelgan, deb yozadi Tal Cual nashri. 1823 yilda AQSh prezidenti Jeyms Monro «Amerika amerikaliklar uchun» shiorini eʼlon qildi va har qanday yevropaliklarning qitʼaga yurishi istilo uchun sabab deb topilishini aytdi. Shu davrdan beri AQSh va Lotin Amerikasi mamlakatlarining ikki tomonlama munosabatlari murakkab va barqarorlikdan yiroq. Shuning uchun ham Baydenning tashqi siyosati Lotin Amerikasi bilan aloqalarga qanday taʼsir qiladi, degan savol lotin amerikaliklarni oʻylashga majbur qilmoqda.

AQSh iqtisodiy, savdo va mafkuraviy jihatdan Lotin Amerikasi mamlakatlari uchun fikri hisobga olinishi kerak boʻlgan shimoliy qoʻshni boʻlib qoldi. Bu esa bir necha oʻn yillar davom etib keldi. Ayni paytda AQSh gegemoniyasining susayib qolgani, muallif nazarida Lotin Amerikasi uchun tashqi siyosatda yangi maqsadlarni belgilab olishga qulay vaqt.

Hozirda AQSh oqsab turgan odamni eslatadi, Xitoy esa ancha iqtisodiy jihatdan gurkiramoqda, Rossiya esa Xitoyning Osiyodagi sherigiga aylanib bormoqda. Lotin Amerikasi mamlakatlarida AQSh bazalari mavjud boʻlsa-da, Janubiy Amerika mamlakatlarining aksari hozirda Xitoyga iqtisodiy va moliyaviy jihatdan qaramga aylandi. Rossiya iqtisodiy jihatdan na Xitoyga, na AQShga tenglasha olmasa-da, harbiy strategik nuqtai nazardan Lotin Amerikasi hisoblashishga majbur boʻlgan hamkordir.  Shu sababdan ham Lotin Amerikasidagi aksar mamlakatlar Rossiyaning geosiyosiy qarashlari bilan hamohang.

Bugun Lotin Amerikasi mamlakatlari oʻz tashqi siyosatlarini qaytadan koʻrib chiqishi kerak. Faqat AQShga yoʻnaltirilgan siyosat bugungi zamonda talabga javob bermaydi. Boshqa mamlakatlar bilan sogʻliqni saqlash, tabiatni muhofaza qilish masalalarida keng tomonlama munosabatlar oʻrnatishga yordam beradi. Xitoy va Rossiya esa albatta bunday imkoniyatni qoʻldan boy bermaydi. Pandemiya AQSh iqtisodiga katta zarba berdi, AQSh moliyaviy qiyinchiliklarga duch kelmoqda. Saylovlar ortidan boshlanib ketgan tartibsizliklar esa AQShdagi siyosiy institutlar ham inqirozda ekanidan namoyon.

Shu sababdan ham ayni paytda AQSh va Lotin Amerikasi mamlakatlarining aloqalari qanday kechadi, degan savolni berish kerak. Baydenning siyosati Trampnikidan farq qilsa-da, Bayden uchun asosiy ustuvor yoʻnalish Lotin Amerikasi boʻlmasligi ham mumkin.  Qolaversa, Lotin Amerikasi mamlakatlarini birlashtirgan tashkilotlar qitʼa taraqqiyoti uchun amaliy yordam bera olmayapti, ustiga ustak ayrim mamlakatlarda ichki ixtilof va nizolar muammolarni yanada chuqurlashtirib yubormoqda.

Xitoy va Rossiya hukumati Maduro rejimini qoʻllab quvvatlayotgan boʻlsa, Frantsiya Amazoniya oʻrmonlarida sodir boʻlgan oʻrmon yongʻinlaridan keyin Amazoniyani xalqaro boshqaruvga berilishini taʼkidlamoqda va Kolumbiyadagi nizolarni tinch yoʻl bilan hal qilishda faollik koʻrsatmoqda. Bu kabi holatlardan tushunish mumkin boʻlgani shuki, Janubiy Amerika mamlakatlari samarali mintaqa mamlakatlarini birlashtira olgan tashkilot yarata olmadi va siyosatda boshqa mamlakatlarning taʼsiriga tushib qolayotganini koʻrsatib qoʻydi.

Janubiy Amerikada siyosiy va iqtisodiy o‘zgarish esa hozirda har doimgidan muhim. Masalani esa AQSh gegemonligini Xitoy-Rossiya bilan o‘zgartirish bilan ham hal qilib bo‘lmaydi. Mintaqa mamlakatlariga haqiqiy ma’nodagi siyosiy va iqtisodiy ozodlik kerak.

Yil kashfiyotlari

The Time jurnali har yili inson hayotini yengillashtirishga imkon bergan noyob kashfiyotlarning ro‘yxatini e’lon qilib boradi. Bu yilgi dunyo kashfiyotlari orasida VR fitness uskunasi, havodan tayyorlangan aroq, ko‘chma suv tozalagich kabi bir qator uskunalar mavjud.

Xvision jarrohlik uskunasi

Augmedics kompaniyasi rahbari Nissan Elimelex super qahramonlardan ilhom olgan bo‘lsa ajab emas. Bir necha yillik tadqiqot va izlanishlardan so‘ng  Xvision qurilmasi yaratildi. Mazkur qurilma jarroh shifokorlarga bemorni uch o‘lchamli model yordamida tomografiya qilishga imkon beradi. Qurilma yordamida shifokorlar bemorning jarrohlikka muhtoj qismini aniqroq ko‘ra oladi va umurtqa pog‘onasidagi jarrohlik amaliyotlarini ham ortiqcha joyni kesmagan holda amalga oshiradi. 2019-yilning dekabr oyida AQSh Mahsulotlar va dori vositalarini nazorat qilish tashkiloti Xvision qurilmasini ma’qulladi va hozirda mazkur qurilma Jons Hopkins va Rashadagi tibbiyot markazida foydalanilmoqda.

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