Moliya vazirligi “moliyaviy oʻyin” qilgan boʻlishi mumkinmi?

(Birinchi maqola)

Karantin sharoitida pensiya pullari plastik kartalar orqali berilishi aholining keskin noroziligiga sabab boʻldi. Shu tufayli koʻp oʻtmay bu amaliyotdan voz kechildi. Xoʻsh, shunga nima boʻpti, axir pandemiya davri-ku, dersiz?! Yanglishyapsiz! Masala ildiziga yanayam chuqurroq qarang!

Yurtimizda hozir pensiya va nafaqa oluvchilar soni uch million nafardan ziyod. Ular uchun byudjetdan oyiga oʻrtacha 2,6 trilliondan ortiq soʻm mablagʻ ajratiladi. Koʻryapsizmi, kichkina raqamlar emas bu! Ayni paytda ana shu pullar Xalq bankining 3,5 mingdan ziyod xodimlari tomonidan tarqatilyapti. Albatta, tekinga emas. Bu xizmat uchun bankka umumiy summaning 0,9 foizi oʻtkazib berilmoqda.

Biroq pensiya pullarini plastikka oʻtkazish amaliyoti joriy etilgach, toʻsatdan barcha banklar pensionerlarga plastik ochib berishga “jiddiy” qiziqib qolishdi. Sababini anglagandirsiz? Gap oyiga trillionlab mablagʻni “aylantirib” foyda koʻrishda!

Bu jarayonda “Ipoteka-bank” hatto 41 ming nafar ishlovchi pensionerga plastik karta ochib ham ulgurdi. Yil davomida 31 trilliondan ortiq kapitalning birgina Xalq bankiga oʻtib ketaverishini insofdan emas, deb baholashdi ular. Bu oʻrinda Xalq bankini ayblasa boʻladi. Sohadagi eng asosiy “igrok” hisoblangan ushbu moliya muassasasi pensiya pullarining kechiktirilishdan qanchalik manfaatdor ekan?

Biroq resurs uchun kurash avjiga chiqayotgan pallada “Humo” kartasining toʻsatdan ishlamay qolishi Markaziy bankka ham, “Humo” ortida turganlarga ham qattiq pand berdi. Aslida esa “Humo”ning pensionerlarga “tiqishtirilishi” katta bir moliyaviy “oʻyin” emasmikan, degan savol tugʻiladi.

Nima boʻlganda ham “Humo”ning ishlamay qolishi koʻproq Moliya vazirligi, yanayam aniqrogʻi, Pensiya jamgʻarmasi foydasiga ishladi, nazarimda! Bu — bir taxmin, albatta. Ammo asosli!
Bu haqda maqolamizning ikkinchi qismida batafsil toʻxtalamiz.

Ostrogorskiylar izdoshlari hali ham ishlayotgan koʻrinadi

(Ikkinchi maqola)

Pensiya va nafaqa pullarining naqd pulda berilishidan Moliya vazirligi qanday manfaat koʻrishi mumkin? Bu savolga quyida javob topishga harakat qilamiz.

Hozir Moliya vazirligi huzurida bir necha jamgʻarmalar bor. Biri yoʻl, yana biri qishloq xoʻjaligini qoʻllab-quvvatlash bilan shugʻullanadi. Boshqasi pensiya masalalari bilan mashgʻul. Har biri uchun ajratiladigan mablagʻlarni tasavvuringizda jonlantiraman desangiz, nollar koʻpligidan chalkashib ketishingiz turgan gap.

Masalan, “2020 yil uchun Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Davlat byudjeti toʻgʻrisida”gi Qonunda joriy yilda Pensiya jamgʻarmasiga jami 31 trillion 958 milliard 836 million mablagʻ ajratilgan. Ana shu pullar uzun-qisqa depozitlarga jalb qilinsa, qancha “pul tugʻishi”ni oʻzingiz hisoblab olavering…

Yaʼni vazirlik ushbu jamgʻarmalardagi mablagʻlarni tijorat banklariga depozitlarga joylashtiradi. Toʻgʻri ham qiladi! Axir kapital harakatda boʻlishi kerak. Qolaversa, bu mavjud qonunchiligimizga zid emas.
Pensiyalar 5, 10, nari borsa, 20 kun kechiktirilsa, osmon uzilib yerga tushmas. Lekin jamgʻarmaning boyib olgani qoladi. Pensiya jamgʻarmasi hamma resursni moliyalashtirishga shoshilavermasligining sababini endi anglagandirsiz?

Deylik, 2,6 trillion soʻmdan ziyod sarmoya 22 foizlik qisqa muddatli depozitga joylashtirilsa, har bir kun uchun taxminan 6 milliard soʻm pul paydo boʻladi. Yana deng, Moliya vazirligi banklarga eng yuqori foiz stavkalarini belgilay oladi. Bunga birorta bank qarshi chiqib koʻrsin-chi… Banklar zarariga boʻlsa ham jamgʻarmalardan yoʻnaltirilgan pullarni foizlari bilan qaytarishga majbur…

Xoʻsh, ana shu kunlik 6 milliard daromad qaysi maqsadlar uchun ishlatilyapti ekan? Bu pensionerlar yoki jamgʻarma manfaatlariga xizmat qilyaptimi yoki yoʻq? Shu savol javobi, bizningcha, koʻp masalalarga oydinlik kiritadi.

Bizni tashvishga solayotgan jihati, Moliya vazirligida hamon Ostrogorskiyga oʻxshaganlar va ularning sodiq izdoshlari ishlayotgan koʻrinadi. Yoʻqsa, ijtimoiy himoyaga eng muhtoj qatlam puliga koʻz tikishga kimning vijdoni yoʻl qoʻyar edi?

Xullas, bu kabi “moliyaviy oʻyin”lardan kim koʻp foyda koʻrayotganini taxmin qilish qiyin emas. Pensiya pullari kechikayotganligi toʻgʻrisida esa kanalimizga murojaatlar kelib tushishi kamaygani yoʻq. Ehtimol Hisob palatasi vaqti kelib buning hisobini soʻrar…

Albatta, bularning barchasi mutlaqo shaxsiy fikrlar.

Manba: platforma. uz

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