Oshqozon-ichak tizimi kasalliklari qanday omillar natijasida yuzaga keladi?

Oʻzbekistonning issiq iqlimi, xalqimizning ovqatlanishdagi oʻziga xos xususiyatlari, ayrim hududlarda ekologik vaziyatning yomonlashishi respublikamiz aholisi orasida oshqozon-ichak tizimi kasalliklari koʻpayishiga sabab boʻlmoqda. Shuning uchun aholining bu xastaliklardan xabardor boʻlishi muhimdir. Shu maqsadda SSV matbuot xizmati Respublika ixtisoslashtirilgan xirurgiya ilmiy-amaliy tibbiyot markazi boʻlim rahbari, tibbiyot fanlari doktori Olim Gʻulomovga murojaat qildi.

— Oshqozon-ichak tizimi kasalliklari qanday vujudga keladi?

— Oshqozonning meʼyorida faoliyat koʻrsatishi uning shilliq qavati butunligiga bogʻliq. Buning uchun inson tanasidagi va tashqaridan taʼsir etuvchi himoya hamda agressiv omillar oʻrtasidagi aniq muvozanat saqlanishi zarur. Shilliq qavatni shikastlovchi agressiv omillar:

? xlorid kislotasi;
? pepsin;
? oʻt kislotalari;
? oshqozonosti bezi shirasi (uning oʻn ikki barmoq ichakka tushishi);
? bakteriyalar va mikroorganizmlar;
? ovqat bilan tushuvchi toksin moddalar (shu jumladan, dorilar).

Shilliq qavatning himoya omillari:

? shilliq va biokorbonatlar sekretsiyasi;
? hujayralarning oʻz vaqtida yangilanishi;
? uning qon bilan meʼyorida taʼminlanishi, yalligʻlanishga qarshi tsitokinlar deb ataluvchi va toʻqimalar qon bilan taʼminlanishiga ijobiy taʼsir etuvchi garmonlarning meʼyorida ishlab chiqarilishi.

Oshqozon va oʻn ikki barmoq ichak kasalliklariga chalinmaslik uchun inson tanasidagi hamda tashqaridan taʼsir etuvchi agressiv va himoya omillari oʻrtasidagi aniq muvozanat saqlanishi kerak.

— Gastrit qanday kasallik?

— Gastrit oshqozon shilliq qavati yalligʻlanishi bilan kechuvchi kasallik hisoblanib, qator tashqi va ichki salbiy omillar taʼsirida yuzaga keladi.

Uning kelib chiqishiga quyidagi tashqi va ichki omillar sabab boʻladi.

Tashqi omillar:

?ovqatlanish tartibining buzilishi (ovqatning miqdori va sifati, kechqurunlari koʻp miqdorda ovqatlanish);
?spirtli ichimiliklar isteʼmol qilish;
?taom tayyorlashda oʻtkir ziravorlardan koʻp foydalanish;
?ovqat mahsulatlari va masalliqlarini saqlashda sanitariya-gigiyena qoidalariga rioya qilmaslik oqibatida yuzaga keladigan infektsiyalarning taʼsiri;
?tuxum, ziravorlar, meva, malina, qulupnay kabi ayrim taomlarga allergiya mavjudligi;
?ayrim dori vositalarining salbiy taʼsiri.

Ichki omillar:

?infektsiyalar va gripp, zotiljam, buyrak va jigar yetishmovchiligi kabi kasalliklar taʼsiri;
?kuyish, muzlash, nurlanish taʼsirida organizmda toʻqimalarning parchalanishi.

Gastritning oʻtki va surunkali shakllari mavjud.

Tashqi omillar taʼsirida yuzaga kelgan oʻtkir gastritda salbiy omil bevosita oshqozon shilliq qavatiga taʼsir koʻrsatib, uning yalligʻlanishiga sabab boʻladi va keyinroq ikkilamchi oʻzgarishlar qoʻshiladi.

Ichki omillar taʼsirida yuzaga kelgan oʻtkir gastritda ular qon bilan asta-sekin oshqozon shilliq qavatida oʻzgarishlar chaqiradi va bemor ahvolida umumiy zaharlanish belgilari ustunlik qiladi. Ayrim hollarda kasallikning kelib chiqishida har ikkalar guruh omillari faol ishtirok etadi.

Shilliq qavatning chuqurroq zararlanishi bilan kechadigan oʻtkir gastritda aksariyat shilliq qavatning oʻlishi kuzatiladi. Bunda bemorlarning ogʻiz boʻshligʻida, qiziloʻngach va epigastral sohada kuchli ogʻriq, shilliqli va qonli qayt qilish, ogʻir hollarda karaxtlik va keyinchalik butun qorinda kuchli ogʻriq turishi belgilari yuzaga keladi. Oʻtkir gastritga shubha boʻlganda zudlik bilan shifokorga murojaat qilgan maʼqul.

Oʻtkir gastritning oldini olish, ovqat mahsulotlari va masalliqlarni saqlash hamda shaxsiy sanitariya-gigiyena qoidalariga rioya qilish kabi tadbirlarda iborat. Muzlatkichda uzoq muddat saqlangan mahsulotlarni isteʼmol qilmaslik, oshqozon shilliq qavatiga salbiy taʼsir etuvchi spirli ichimlik, nosvoy va sigareta chekmaslik shular jumlasidandir.

Sogʻliqni saqlash vazirligi
Matbuot xizmati.

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