QANDAY KASALLIKLAR XOTIRA SUSAYIShIGA SABAB BOʻLADI?

SSV Matbuot xizmati xotira susayishi bilan bogʻliq savollarga javob olish maqsadida tibbiyot fanlari doktori, professor Baxtiyor Gʻofurovga murojaat qildi:

— Olimlar tomonidan xotirani oʻrganish borasida olib borilayotgan elektrofiziologik, biokimyoviy, gistokimyoviy, biofizikaviy tadqiqot ishlariga koʻra kiritilayotgan yangiliklar fan va texnikada ulkan yutuqlarga olib kelayotgan boʻlsa-da, miya faoliyati, shu jumladan, xotirani oʻrganishning juda koʻp jihatlarida uchrayotgan muammolar yechimsiz qolmoqda. Aslida xotiraning kuchi, unda maʼlumotlarning saqlanish muddatlari, qayta tiklanib, maʼlum xulosa va tushunchalarga olib kelishida har kimning nasldan-naslga oʻtuvchi genetik dasturlangani oʻziga xos muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Shunga koʻra, teng yoshdagi kishilarning biri eshitgan, koʻrgan narsalarini uzoq vaqt yodida saqlab qolsa, oʻqigan sheʼrlarini tez yodlab ola bilsa, til oʻrganishga chechan boʻlsa, boshqasida bunday qobiliyatlar kuchsizroq boʻladi.

Yosh ortib borishi bilan xotira susayishi turlicha shaklda kechishi mumkin.

Masalan:
? dismneziya (esda saqlab qolishning buzilishi);
? amneziya (oldin bilgan narsalardan ayrim fragmentlarning yoʻqolishi);
? dementsiya (miyada qon aylanishining buzilishi bilan zehnning pasayishi);
? Altsgeymer (xotiraning yoʻqolib, odam oʻz uyi, yaqin kishilarini taniy olmasligi, ismi-sharifini ham esdan chiqarib qoʻyishi);
? Parkinson (mushaklar tarangligi, harakatning kamayishi, qoʻl-oyoq titrashi, nutqning buzilishi).

Yuqoridagi singari noxush holatlarning oldini olishda jismoniy faollik, sogʻlom ovqatlanish va miyani mashq qildirib turish muhim ahamiyat kasb etishi koʻpgina tadqiqotlarda isbotlangan.

Xotira va u bilan bogʻlik jarayonlar nerv hujayralari va ulardan tashkil topgan nerv yadrolari faoliyati hisoblanib, ushbu vazifa qayd qilingan hujayralarning kislorod va tegishli oziq moddalari bilan taʼminlanish darajasiga bogʻlik. Agar bu borada muammo boʻlmasa, ular oʻz faoliyatini bemalol bajaraveradi.

Maʼlum sabablarga koʻra, masalan, bosh miya qon tomirlarining torayishi yoki ularda qon yetarli harakat qilmasa (masalan, davomli kamharakatlilik, yaʼni gipodinamiya, kuchli asabiylashish tufayli qon tomirlari toraysa yoki ularning yosh bilan bogʻlik elastikligi kamaysa), nerv hujayralariga yetarli kislorod, oziq moddalar yetib bormaydi va unda hosil boʻlgan moddalar almashinuvi mahsulotlari – karbonat angidrid, azot birikmalari oʻz vaqtida chiqarib yuborilmaydi. Bu hol nerv hujayralari faoliyatini, xotirada saqlash kabi murakkab psixofiziologik jarayonlarni yomonlashtiradi.

Uyqudan turganda xotira bilan bogʻliq funktsiyalar, masalan, biror voqea-hodisani aniq va ravshan aytib berish, tasvirlash ancha qiyin boʻladi. Sababi — odam uzoq vaqt qimirlamasdan toʻshakda yotganida miyaga qon borishi kamayadi, shu bois nerv hujayralaridan iborat nerv markazlari ishida susayish kuzatiladi. Kishi oʻrnidan turib harakat qila boshlagach (badantarbiya, yuvinish singarilar), miyada qon aylanishi meʼyoriga kelib, voqea-hodisalar batafsilroq esga tushadi.

Uyqudan keyin aqliy qobiliyat maʼlum darajada kuchayishining sababi ham miyada qon aylanishining dam olganidan keyin yaxshilanishidir.

Shuning uchun har kim (yoshi, jinsi, kasbini hisobga olgan holda) maʼlum jismoniy faollikni kanda qilmasligi muhim.

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