Qarz munosabatlari boʻyicha nizolar sudda qay tartibda koʻriladi?

Hozirgi kunda fuqarolar oʻrtasida bir-birlariga oʻzaro ishonch orqali qarz berish ogʻzaki oldi-sotdi qilish boʻyicha nizolar koʻpaymoqda.
Maʼlumki, oldi-sotdi shartnomalari hamda fuqarolar oʻrtasidagi qarz munosabatlari boʻyicha kelib chiqadigan nizolar Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Fuqarolik kodeksi va boshqa qonun hujjatlari bilan tartibga solinadi.
Qarz shartnomasi boʻyicha bir taraf (qarz beruvchi) ikkinchi tarafga (qarz oluvchiga) pul yoki turga xos alomatlari bilan belgilangan boshqa ashyolarni mulk qilib beradi, qarz oluvchi esa qarz beruvchiga bir yoʻla yoki boʻlib-boʻlib, oʻshancha summadagi pulni yoki qarzga olingan ashyolarning xili, sifati va miqdoriga baravar ashyolarni (qarz summasini) qaytarib berish majburiyatini oladi.
Qarz shartnomasi pul yoki ashyolar topshirilgan paytdan boshlab tuzilgan hisoblanadi.
Fuqarolar oʻrtasida qarz shartnomasi, agar bu qarzning summasi eng kam ish haqining oʻn baravaridan ortiq boʻlsa, oddiy yozma shaklda tuzilishi shart, shartnomadagi taraflardan biri yuridik shaxs boʻlganida esa summasidan qatʼi nazar, yozma shaklda tuzilishi shart.
Qarz shartnomasining yozma shakliga rioya qilmaslik ushbu Kodeksning 109-moddasida nazarda tutilgan oqibatlarga olib keladi.
Agar qarz oluvchining tilxati yoki unga qarz beruvchi tomonidan muayyan summa yoki muayyan miqdordagi ashyolar topshirilganligini tasdiqlaydigan boshqa hujjat mavjud boʻlsa, qarz shartnomasi yozma shaklda tuzilgan hisoblanadi.
Agar qarz majburiyati qarz oluvchi tomonidan berilgan veksel, obligatsiya yoki qarz summasini va qarz beruvchining uni undirib olish huquqini belgilaydigan boshqa qimmatli qogʻoz bilan tasdiqlangan boʻlsa, qarz shartnomasining yozma shakliga rioya qilingan hisoblanadi.
Agar qonunda yoki qarz shartnomasida boshqacha tartib nazarda tutilgan boʻlmasa, qarz beruvchi (yuridik shaxs yoki fuqaro) qarz oluvchidan qarz summasiga shartnomada belgilangan miqdorda va tartibda foizlar olish huquqiga ega boʻladi.
Agar qarz shartnomasi boʻyicha qarz oluvchiga turga xos alomatlari bilan belgilangan ashyolar topshirilsa, ularning miqdori va shakli (pul yoki natura holidagi) shartnomada koʻzda tutilgan hollarda foizlar toʻlanishi kerak.
Foizlar toʻlash tartibi va muddatlari qarz shartnomasi bilan belgilanadi. Agar foizlar toʻlash tartibi va muddatlari shartnomada belgilangan boʻlmasa, ular asosiy qarzni qaytarish uchun shartnomada nazarda tutilgan tartibda va muddatlarda toʻlanadi.
Qarz oluvchi olingan qarz summasini qarz shartnomasida nazarda tutilgan muddatda va tartibda qarz beruvchiga qaytarishi shart.
Agar qarz summasini qaytarish muddati shartnomada belgilangan boʻlmasa, qarz oluvchi uni qarz beruvchi qarzni qaytarish haqida talab qoʻygan kundan boshlab oʻttiz kun mobaynida qaytarishi kerak.
Foizsiz qarz summasi qarz oluvchi tomonidan muddatidan oldin qaytarilishi mumkin.
Foiz evaziga berilgan qarz summasi, agar qarz shartnomasida koʻzda tutilgan boʻlsa yoki qarz beruvchining roziligi bilan, muddatidan oldin qaytarilishi mumkin.
Sudga qarz undirish maslasila daʼvo arizasi bilan murojaat qilinadi.
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Fuqarolik protsessual kodeksining 189-moddasida daʼvo arizasi topshirish tartibi koʻrsatilgan yaʼni arizada quyidagilar koʻrsatilishi kerak:
1) ariza berilayotgan sudning nomi;
2) daʼvogarning familiyasi, ismi, otasining ismi, yashash joyi, agar daʼvogar tashkilot boʻlsa, uning nomi, joylashgan yeri (pochta manzili) hamda rekvizitlari, shuningdek, agar ariza vakil tomonidan berilayotgan boʻlsa, vakilning familiyasi, ismi, otasining ismi va manzili;
3) javobgarning familiyasi, ismi, otasining ismi, yashash joyi, agar javobgar tashkilot boʻlsa, uning nomi, joylashgan yeri (pochta manzili) hamda rekvizitlari;
4) daʼvogarning talabi;
5) agar daʼvo baholanishi kerak boʻlsa, daʼvoning bahosi;
6) daʼvogar oʻz talabiga asos qilib koʻrsatayotgan holatlar va daʼvogar tomonidan bayon qilingan holatlarni tasdiqlovchi dalillar;
7) javobgar bilan nizoni sudgacha hal qilish tartibiga rioya etilganligi toʻgʻrisidagi maʼlumotlar, basharti bu qonunda yoki shartnomada nazarda tutilgan boʻlsa;
8) arizaga ilova qilinayotgan hujjatlarning roʻyxati.

Ariza daʼvogar yoki uning vakili tomonidan imzolanadi. Agar ariza vakil tomonidan berilgan boʻlsa, arizaga ishonchnoma yoki vakilning vakolatini tasdiqlovchi boshqa hujjat ilova qilinishi kerak.
Boshqa shaxslarning huquqlarini himoya qilish maqsadida prokuror, davlat boshqaruvi organlari, tashkilotlar yoki ayrim fuqarolar tomonidan beriladigan arizada ushbu moddada sanab oʻtilgan maʼlumotlardan tashqari ariza kimning manfaatini koʻzlab berilgan boʻlsa, oʻsha shaxsning familiyasi, ismi, otasining ismi (nomi) hamda manzili koʻrsatilishi kerak.
Arizada daʼvogarni yoki uning vakilining, shuningdek boshqa tarafning telefonlari va fakslari raqamlari, elektron manzili koʻrsatilishi mumkin.
Arizada elektron manzili koʻrsatilganligi arizachining sud chaqiruv qogʻozlarini va boshqa xabarnomalarni, sud hal qiluv qarorlarining hamda ajrimlarining koʻchirma nusxalarini elektron hujjat tarzida olishga boʻlgan roziligidir.
Arizaga ilova qilinadigan hujjatlar
Arizaga quyidagilarni tasdiqlovchi hujjatlar ilova qilinadi:
1) arz qilinayotgan talablarga asos boʻlgan holatlarni;
2) javobgar bilan nizoni sudgacha hal qilish tartibiga rioya etilganligini, basharti bu qonunda yoki shartnomada nazarda tutilgan boʻlsa;
3) davlat boji belgilangan tartibda va miqdorda toʻlanganligini;
4) arizani imzolash vakolatini tasdiqlovchi hujjatni, agar ariza vakil tomonidan imzolangan boʻlsa.
Qarz bergan fuqaro albatta tilxat yozdirib olishi kerak, bu esa qarz berganligini isbotlovchi dalil hisoblanadi.

U. Mamadiyev, Fuqarolik ishlari boʻyicha Qumqoʻrgʻon tumanlararo sudi raisi.

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