Sud-huquq islohotlari yanada takomillashmoqda

Mamlakatimizda sud-huquq islohotlarni izchil davom ettirish maqsadida, Prezidentimiz tomonidan joriy yil 24 iyul kuni «Sudlar faoliyatini yanada takomillashtirish va odil sudlov samaradorligini oshirishga doir qoʻshimcha chora-tadbirlar toʻgʻrisida»gi farmonning imzolanishi bu sohada yana bir muhim qadam boʻldi. Farmonga muvofiq, sud-huquq tizimida 2021 yilning yanvaridan bir qator ijobiy oʻzgarishlar yuzaga keladi.
Xususan, viloyat va unga tenglashtirilgan fuqarolik, jinoyat ishlari boʻyicha sudlar va iqtisodiy sudlar negizida sudyalarning qatʼiy ixtisoslashuvini saqlab qolgan holda va sud ishlarini yuritish turlari boʻyicha alohida sudlov hayʼatlarini tashkil etgan holda Qoraqalpogʻiston Respublikasi, viloyatlar va Toshkent shahar umumyurisdiktsiya sudlari tashkil etiladi.
Tuman (shahar) maʼmuriy sudlari oʻrnida tumanlararo maʼmuriy sudlari tashkil etiladi hamda maʼmuriy huquqbuzarliklar toʻgʻrisidagi ishlarni koʻrib chiqish jinoyat ishlari boʻyicha sudlarga oʻtkaziladi. Bu oʻz navbatida maʼmuriy sudlarning muayyan tumandagi mahalliy hokimiyat organlarining turli tazyiqlaridan holi va mustaqil faoliyat yuritishiga zamin yaratadi. Yaʼni fuqarolar va tadbirkorlarni davlat organlari va mansabdor shaxslarning noqonuniy xatti-harakatlari va qarorlaridan sud orqali himoyalash uchun yanada qulayliklar yaratadi.
Eng eʼtiborlisi, Farmon bilan ortiqcha sud bosqichlarini bekor qilish orqali «bir sud – bir instantsiya» tamoyili joriy etilmoqda. Yaʼni, tumanlararo, tuman (shahar) sudlarining qarorlarini viloyat darajasidagi sudlar tomonidan apellyatsiya tartibida, apellyatsiya tartibida koʻrilgan sud qarorlarini esa Oliy sud tomonidan kassatsiya tartibida qayta koʻrib chiqish, kassatsiya tartibida koʻrib chiqilgan ishlar boʻyicha sud qarorlarini esa Oliy sud raisi, Bosh prokuror va ularning oʻrinbosarlari protestiga koʻra kassatsiya tartibida takroran koʻrib chiqish nazarda tutilmoqda. Sud ishlarini nazorat tartibida koʻrish instituti esa tugatilmoqda. Bunday tartibning oʻrnatilishi natijasida sudda har bir ish boʻyicha yakuniy toʻxtamga kelish orqali sud qarorlarining barqarorligi taʼminlanib, fuqarolar va tadbirkorlar sarson boʻlishining oldi olinadi. Endilikda, Farmon bilan yuqorida qayd etilgan muammo va kamchiliklarning aniq yechimiga qaratilgan huquqiy mexanizmlar yaratib berilmoqda.
Farmondagi yana bir muhim masala – sudlarda jinoyat ishlarini koʻrish chogʻida ishni sud majlisida koʻrishdan avval, inson huquqlari kafolatlarini yanada kuchaytirish va taraflarning tortishuvchanlik tamoyilini amalda roʻyobga chiqarish maqsadida dastlabki eshituv instituti joriy etilmoqda. Farmonning qabul qilinishi sud-huquq tizimi faoliyatini yanada takomillashtirishga, ayni yoʻnalishda fuqarolar uchun bir qator yengillik va qulayliklar yaratilishiga xizmat qiladi.

Sherali Qodirov,
Jinoyat ishlari boʻyicha Boysun tuman sudining devonxona mudiri

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