Korruptsiya bu — jamiyatni turli yoʻlllar bilan iskanjaga oladigan dahshatli illatdir. Mazkur illat demokratiya va huquq ustuvorligi asoslariga putur yetkazadi, inson huquqlari buzilishiga olib keladi, bozorlar faoliyatiga…
Korruptsiya bu — jamiyatni turli yoʻlllar bilan iskanjaga oladigan dahshatli illatdir. Mazkur illat demokratiya va huquq ustuvorligi asoslariga putur yetkazadi, inson huquqlari buzilishiga olib keladi, bozorlar faoliyatiga toʻsqinlik qiladi, hayot sifatini yomonlashtiradi va odamlar xavfsizligiga tahdid soladigan uyushgan jinoyatchilik, terrorizm va boshqa hodisalarga ildiz otib, gullashi uchun sharoit yaratib beradi.
Taʼkidlab oʻtiish joizki, ushbu zararli hodisa katta va kichik, badavlat va kambagʻal boʻlishidan qatʼiy nazar, barcha mamlakatlarda uchraydi. Ushbu zararli illatni bartaraf etish boʻyicha jahon hamjamiyati tomonidan bir qator samarali ishlar amalga oshirilayotgan boʻlsada, hanuzgacha u bartaraf etilmayapti.
Biz quyida korruptsiyaning tarixiy ildizlariga va unga qarshi kurashish xususida fikr yuritmoqchimiz.
Korruptsiya (lot. Sorrumpere — buzmoq) termini odatda mansabdor shaxslar tomonidan unga berilgan mansab vakolatlari va huquqlardan oʻzlarining shaxsiy manfaatlarini koʻzlab qonunchilik va ahloq qoidalariga zid ravishda foydalanishini anglatadi.
Koʻp hollarda bu atama siyosiy elitadagi byurokratik apparatga qarata ishlatiladi. Korruptsiya koʻplab davlatlarning jinoyat va maʼmuriy qonunchiligi bilan huquqqa qarshi harakat sifatida taʼqib qilinadi.
Ushbu illatni tadqiq qilgan bir qator yirik mutaxassislar quyidagi faktorlarni korruptsiyani yuzaga keltiruvchi omillar sifatida koʻrsatadi.
Ikki xil maʼnoni anglatuvchi qonunlar — ushbu vaziyat huquqni qoʻllovchi mansabdor shaxs tomonidan qonunlarni turlicha qoʻllash imkonini yaratadi. Shuningdek, ayrim mutaxassislar jinoyat, maʼmuriy qonunchilikdagi “vilka” sanksiyalarni ham korruptsiyaga qulay sharoit yaratishi mumkinligi haqida fikr yuritishgan. Yaʼni, sanksiyaning aniq miqdori yoʻqligi sudyada uni oʻz hohishiga qarab qoʻllashga sharoit yaratib beradi.
Aholi huquqiy savodxonligining pastligi — aholi tomonidan qonunlarni
bilmaslik yoki tushunmaslik mansabdor shaxsga oʻzining shaxsiy manfaati yoʻida qonunlardan foydanishga qulay sharoit yaratadi.
Mamlakatdagi siyosiy vaziyatning notinchligi — mamlakatdagi notinchlik
birinchi navbatda aholi ongida hayotda yuksak turmush darajasiga erishishning
asosiy usuli qonunga xilof faoliyat bilan bogʻliq, degan mutlaqo axloqqa zid nuqtainazar shakllanishiga olib keladi. Bu esa oʻz navbatida korruptsiyaga qulay sharoit
yaratadi.
Ijro hokimiyatining birligi tamoyilinining buzilishi — aynan bitta
faoliyatning turli instansiyalar tomonidan tartibga solinishi:
aholining davlatni nazorat qilishdagi sust ishtiroki;
davlat sektoridagi xizmat qilayotgan xizmatchilar daromadlarining xususiy sektorda topish mumkin boʻlgan daromadlardan kamligi;
iqtisodiyotning davlat tomonidan tartibga solinishi;
inflyasiyaning yuqori darajasi;
mamlakat yuqori boshqaruv organlarining aholidan uzilib qolganligi;
mamlakatdagi diniy va axloq qoidalari.
Jahon mamlakatlarida korruptsiyaga qarshi kurashning quyidagi usullari mavjud.
Ichki nazorat – bu usul boshqaruv apparatining oʻzida nazoratni kuchaytiruvchi tuzilmalar (har xil ichki inspeksiyalar va boshqa nazorat organlari tuzish orqali) yaratishni taqazo etadi. Bu tuzilmaning asosiy vazifasi xodimlarning ichki etiket oidalariga rioya qilishini nazorat qilishdir. Hozirgi kunda bizning yurtimizda ham bir qator huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarida aynan shu vazifani bajaruvchi ichki tuzilmalar yaratilgan. Tashqi nazorat — bu usulda ijro apparatidan mustaqil tuzilmalarning mustaqilligini oshirish nazarda tutilib, aynan ushbu tuzilmalar orqali korruptsiyaga qarshi samarali kurash olib boriladi. Yaʼni, sud hokimiyatining maksimal darajada mustaqilligiga erishish ommaviy axborot vositalariga koʻproq erkinlik berish va h.k.
Saylov tizimi orqali kurashish — demokratik davlatlarda saylangan vakillarni korruptsiya uchun jazolashning asosiy usullaridan biri keyingi saylovlarda unga ovoz bermaslik hisoblanadi. Korruptsiyaga saylovlar orqali taʼsir oʻtkazish eng samarali usul hisoblanadi. Korruptsiyaga qarshi kurashda yuqori natijalarga erishgan Shvetsiya, Singapur, Gonkong, Portugaliya kabi davlatlarning tajribasini oʻrganish shuni koʻrsatadiki, korruptsiyani yuzaga keltiruvchi omillarni bartaraf etish korruptsiya ga qarshi kurashda muhim oʻrin egallaydi. Bunda Konstitutsiyaviy nazorat organlari, huquq-tartibot organlarining ahamiyati ortadi. Yaʼni, korruptsiyaga olib kelishi mumkin boʻlgan normalarni konstitutsiyaviy nazorat organi tomonidan konstitutsiyaga zid deb topish, aholining huquqiy savodxonligini oshirish kabi metodlardan unumli foydalanish ushbu davlatlarni korrupsiya darajasi juda past boʻlgan davlatlar qatoriga olib chiqqan.
Sobirjon Kadirov
Termiz tumanlararo iqtisodiy sudi sudyasi
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