Yigirma birinchi asr taraqqiyot asri boʻlishi bilan bir qatorda, jiddiy global muammolari bilan insoniyatni xavotirga solayotganligi ham hech kimga sir emas. Bugungi kunga kelib asrimizning jiddiy global muammosiga aylangan…
Yigirma birinchi asr taraqqiyot asri boʻlishi bilan bir qatorda, jiddiy global muammolari bilan insoniyatni xavotirga solayotganligi ham hech kimga sir emas.
Bugungi kunga kelib asrimizning jiddiy global muammosiga aylangan odam savdosiga qarshi kurash xalqaro, mintaqaviy, koʻp va ikki tomonlama munosabatlarni talab etmoqda.
Afsuski, dunyo boʻylab beqiyos keng qamrovli faoliyat, tegishli targʻibot-tashviqotlar olib borilishiga qaramay, har yili millionlab insonlar «zamonaviy qullik», yaʼni odam savdosi qurboniga aylanmoq qolmoqda. Ular orasida ayniqsa ayollar, keksalar, hatto yosh bolalar, gudaklar(chaqaloqlar) ham borligi achinarli.
Tashvishlanarlisi, odam savdosi jinoyatidan jabrlanganlarning aksariyat 80 foizini ayollar va bolalar tashkil qiladi.
Oʻtgan asrdan yigirma birinchi asrga transmilliy tashkiliy jinoyatchilikning uchta eng xavfli turi «meros» boʻlib oʻtdi desak mubolagʻa boʻlmaydi. Ularning birinchisi – xalqaro terrorizm va din niqobi ostidagi zoʻravonlik ruhi, kuch ishlatish, yaʼni ekstremistik, fundamentalistik, separatistik xurujlar, ikkinchisi – narkobiznes yoki narko-traffik bilan shugʻullanayotgan jinoiy uyushmalar, uchinchisi – odam savdosi bilan shugʻullanuvchi yirik-yirik jinoyatchi tashkilotlarning yildan-yilga kuchayayotganidir.
Xoʻsh bu jinoyatlarning asl sababi nimada? Bu jinoyatlarning asosiy sababi ilmsizlik, maʼnaviy qashshoqlik, tubanlik, ochkoʻzlik, yengil hayot tarizini oʻziga kasb qilish, dunyoga haddan tashqari hirs qoʻyish va nafsiga qul boʻlishdir.
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasining 13-moddasiga binoan “Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida demokratiya umuminsoniy printsiplarga asoslanadi, ularga koʻra, inson, uning hayoti, erkinligi, shaʼni, qadr-qimmati va boshqa daxlsiz huquqlari oliy qadriyat hisoblanadi.”[1]
2013 yildan boshlab Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti tomonidan “30 iyul – Butunjahon odam savdosiga qarshi kurashish kuni” deb eʼlon qilinishi Butun bir insoniyatni ushbu jinoyatga qarshi kurashishga undab kelmoqda..
Odam savdosiga qarshi kurashish va uning ayanchli oqibatlarini keng ommaga, ayniqsa yoshlar oʻrtasida tushuntirish hamda ushbu mudhish jinoyatning jabrlanuvchilariga aylanib qolishlarini oldini olish hamda “30 iyul – Xalqaro odam savdosiga qarshi kurashish kuni” munosabati bilan har yili Toshkent tibbiyot akademiyasida mazkur masalaga bagʻishlab keng qamrovli talaba-yoshlar orasida tadbirlar tashkil qilinib kelinadi.
Oʻzbekiston Prezidenti Shavkat Mirziyoyevning Oliy Majlisga Murojaatnomasida ham alohida taʼkidlab oʻtilganidek, “Mamlakatimizning konstitutsiyaviy tuzumi, suvereniteti, hududiy yaxlitligini turli tahdidlardan himoya qilish, tinchlik va barqarorlikni yanada mustahkamlash – barcha yutuqlarimizning bosh garovidir” degan edi.[2]
Bugungi kunda dolzarb masalalardan biri boʻlgan odam savdosining oldini olish va unga qarshi kurashish borasida yurtimizda ham qator chora-tadbirlar amalga oshirib kelinmoqda. Shu bilan birga, odam savdosi transmilliy, yaʼni hudud va chegara tanlamaydigan jinoyat ekanligi hisobga olinib, davlatimiz 2003 yil 12 dekabrda BMT Bosh Assambleyasi tomonidan 1950 yilda qabul qilingan «Odam savdosi va fohishalikning uchinchi shaxslar tomonidan ishlatilishiga qarshi kurash toʻgʻrisida»gi Konventsiyaga qoʻshildi. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Bosh Assambleyasining 2000 yil 15 noyabrdagi rezolyutsiyasi bilan qabul qilingan «Transmilliy uyushgan jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurash toʻgʻrisida»gi Konventsiya, shuningdek, odam savdosi, ayniqsa, ayollar va bolalarni sotishning oldini olish, unga chek qoʻyish va buning uchun jazolash toʻgʻrisidagi qoʻshimcha protokol ham ratifikatsiya qilindi.
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining 2008 yilning 17 aprelidagi «Odam savdosiga qarshi kurashish toʻgʻrisida»gi Qonuni va 2019 yilning 31 iyulida “Odam savdosiga va majburiy mehnatga qarshi kurashish tizimini yanada takomillashtirishga oid qoʻshimcha chora-tadbirlar toʻgʻrisida”gi Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh.Mirziyoyevning farmoni mamlakatimizda odam savdosi jinoyatiga qarshi kurashishning milliy qonunchilik asoslarini yaratib berdi.
Fuqarolarning huquqlari va qonuniy manfaatlarini kafolatli himoyalash hamda xalqaro maydonda davlatimiz imijini oshirish maqsadida fuqarolik jamiyati vakillari va mazkur sohadagi xorijiy nohukumat tashkilotlar bilan oʻzaro hamkorlikni taʼminlash boʻyicha ish olib borilmoqda.
Xulosa qilib aytganda, odam savdosining har qanday koʻrinishiga qarshi kurashish xalqaro va mintaqaviy darajada jiddiy yondashuv va oʻzaro hamkorlikka asoslansagina yaxshi samara berishi mumkin.
Zero, odam savdosi, uning insoniy huquq va erkinliklarini gʻayriqonuniy va gʻayri axloqiy ravishda aynan inson tomonidan kamsitilishi, yoʻqqa chiqarilishi – kechirib boʻlmas jinoyatdir.
J.Xursandov,
jinoyat ishlari boʻyicha Denov tuman sudining sudsi
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