Yangilanayotgan Konstitutsiya – inson huquq va erkinliklarini himoya qilishni huquqiy kafolatidir

Yangilanayotgan Konstitutsiyada inson huquq va manfaatlari, qadr-qimmatini yanada yuksaltirish, chinakam xalqparvar davlatchilik asoslarini yaratish, aholi farovonligini yanada oshirish hamda hayotning barcha sohalarini liberallashtirish muhim omil sifatida qayd etilgan. Barchamizga maʼlumki, Konstitutsiyani oʻzgartirish boʻyicha umumxalq referendumini – 2023 yil 30 aprel, yakshanba kuni oʻtkazish belgilandi.

“Inson huquq va erkinliklarini taʼminlash – davlatning oliy maqsadidir” degan norma belgilangan bosh qomus loyihasidagi moddalar soni amaldagi 128 tadan 155 taga, normalar soni esa 275 tadan 434 taga koʻpayib,uning matni 65 foizga yangilangan. Ushbu maqsadga erishish uchun insonning shaʼni va qadr-qimmati daxlsizligi, davlat organlari tomonidan huquqiy taʼsir choralari mutanosiblik printsipiga asoslanishi va qonunlarda nazarda tutilgan maqsadlarga erishish uchun yetarli boʻlishi kerakli belgilanmoqda.

Aybsizlik prezumtsiyasini amaliyotda qoʻllash isloh etilib, Konstitutsiyamizning amaldagi 26-moddasida, shaxsning ishi sudda koʻrib chiqilib, uning aybi aniqlanmaguncha u aybdor hisoblangan boʻlsa, endilikda sudning qonuniy kuchga kirgan hukmi bilan aniqlanmaguncha u aybsiz hisoblanishi mustahkamlanmoqda.

Darhaqiqat, Konstitutsiyadagi normalarga diqqat bilan eʼtibor qaratadigan boʻlsak, unda inson manfaatlari davlat manfaatlaridan ustun qoʻyilganligini koʻrishimiz mumkin boʻladi. Masalan, shaxsni sud qarorisiz 48 soatdan ortiq ushlab turish mumkin emasligi, ushlab turish chogʻida uning huquqlari va ushlab turilish asoslari unga tushuntirilishi kerakligi (“Miranda qoidalari”), ayblanuvchi va sudlanuvchilarga oʻziga qarshi koʻrsatma bermaslik, yaʼni “sukut saqlash” huquqi kafolatlanmoqda.

Insonning shaʼni va qadr-qimmati daxlsizdir hamda hech narsa ularni kamsitish uchun asos boʻlishi mumkin emasligi nazarda tutilmoqda. Yangi yozishmalar, telefon orqali soʻzlashuvlar, pochta, elektron xabarlar va boshqa xabarlarni sir saqlash huquqi faqat sud qaroriga asosan cheklanishi mumkin.

Konstitutsiyada davlat maktabgacha taʼlim va tarbiyani rivojlantirish uchun shart-sharoitlar yaratishi va boshlangʻich professional taʼlim bepul ekanligi ham belgilanmoqda. Konstitutsiyada yoshlar masalasi alohida bob darajasiga olib chiqilishi Yangi Oʻzbekistonda yoshlar hayoti ustuvor ekanligiga yaqqol ishora hisoblanadi.

Mulk daxlsizligi va u bilan bogʻliq huquqlarning taʼminlanishi davlat tomonidan kafolatlanishi, mulkiy huquqlarni cheklash faqat sud qarori asosida boʻlishi mustahkamlanmoqda.

Shuningdek, yangilanayotgan Konstitutsiyaga koʻra davlat atrof-muhitni yaxshilash, tiklash va muhofaza qilish, ekologik muvozanatni saqlash boʻyicha choralarni amalga oshiradi, fuqarolarning ekologik huquqlarini taʼminlash va atrof-muhitga zararli taʼsir koʻrsatilishiga yoʻl qoʻymaslik maqsadida shaharsozlik faoliyati sohasida jamoatchilik nazoratini amalga oshirish uchun shart-sharoitlar yaratadi.

Konstitutsiyada ilk marotaba yer xususiy mulk boʻlishi mumkinligi bunda yer qonunida nazarda tutilgan hamda undan oqilona foydalanishni va uni umummilliy boylik sifatida muhofaza qilishni taʼminlovchi shartlar asosida va tartibda xususiy mulkchilikka yoʻl qoʻyilishi nazarda tutilmoqda.

Bundan tashqari, mulk huquqini sud orqali himoya qilish taʼminlanishini belgilovchi, hech kim sudning qarorisiz va qonunga zid tarzda uy-joyidan mahrum etilishi mumkin emasligi, uy-joyidan mahrum etilgan mulkdorga uy-joyning qiymati hamda u koʻrgan zararlarning oʻrni qonunda nazarda tutilgan hollarda va tartibda oldindan hamda teng qiymatda (bozor qiymatida) qoplanishi taʼminlanishi kafolatlanmoqda.

Mazkur yangilik va oʻzgartirishlar mamlakatimizda inson qadri sud orqali himoya qilish Konstitutsiyaviy islohotlarning muhim ustuvor yoʻnalishi ekanligini koʻrsatib beradi.

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