Buyuk Yoʻlboshchi Gʻozi Mustafo Kamol Otaturkning mangu oromgohi – Anitkabir mavzoleyi

Anitkabir mavzoleyi, oʻzining salobati va boy tarixi bilan zamonaviy, demokratik Turkiya Respublikasining asoschisi boʻlgan Buyuk Yoʻlboshchi Gʻozi Mustafo Kamol Otaturkning mangu oromgohi boʻlib, uning har bir qismi alohida tamoyilni ifodalaydi.

Oʻtgan asrning eng buyuk yetakchisi va davlat arbobi Mustafo Kamol Otaturk oʻlimidan keyin ham dunyoning koʻplab davlat arboblari tomonidan hurmatga sazovor boʻlgan, oʻgitlari bugungi kunda ham ogʻizdan tushmaydigan buyuk shaxsdir. Biz hozirgacha yashab oʻtgan barcha davlat arboblari orasida tuzilgan “Siyosiy buyuklik reytingi”da birinchi oʻrinni egallagan Gʻozi Mustafo Kamolning abadiy istirohatgohi boʻlmish Anitkabirning baʼzi meʼmoriy xususiyatlarini sizlar bilan baham koʻrmoqchimiz.

Otaturk hech qachon dafn etilishini istagan joyni oshkora yoki yozma vasiyat qilmagan. Doʻstlari bilan suhbati chogʻida “Xalqim meni xohlagan joyiga dafn qilsin. Lekin men qabrim oldida turk bayrogʻining doim hilpirab turishini istardim” deb aytgan. Bu vasiyatga muvofiq, Anqara qalʼasida hilpirab turgan Turk bayrogʻini uning sakkiz burchakli qabrining har bir burchagida va Anitkabirning eng katta derazasi qarshisida uchratish mumkin.

Anitkabir joylashuv tarixi Anitkabirning joylashuvining tanlanishi ham uning meʼmoriy xususiyatlari kabi maʼnoga ega. Uning maqbarasi Rasattepeda joylashishi kerakligini birinchi boʻlib oʻrinbosari Mithat Aydin taklif qildi. Bu yerni tavsiya qilish sabablaridan biri Otaturk Anqarada yashaganida bir kuni bu tepalikni ziyorat qilish uchun kelgan va yonidagi odamlarga “Bu qanday goʻzal monumental joy”, deb aytgan va aslida u bu joyni oʻzi uchun taklif qilgan deb tahmin qilingan. Otaning bu jumlasiga asoslanib, Anitkabirning qurilishi uchun eng mos joy Onadoʻlining chuqur ildiz otgan tsivilizatsiyalaridan biri boʻlgan Frigiya tsivilizatsiyasining manzilgohi boʻlgan Rasattepe boʻlishiga qaror qilindi.Turkiya Respublikasining asoschisi Mustafo Kamolning soʻnggi dam olish maskanini Rasattepeda qurishga qaror qilingandan soʻng, 1941 yilda tanlov oʻtkazildi. Tanlovdan koʻzlangan maqsad ham ulugʻ yoʻlboshchining qarashlari ustuvor boʻlgan bino loyihasini yaratish, ham uni eng yaxshi tarzda namoyon etadigan maqbara chizmasini ochib berishdan iborat edi. Tanlov eʼlon qilinishi bilan nafaqat Turkiyadan, balki oʻsha paytda hali boʻlinmagan Germaniya, Italiya, Avstriya, Shveytsariya, Frantsiya va hatto Chexoslovakiyadan ham arizalar kelib tushdi. Tanlovda jami 49 ta arxitektura loyihasi ishtirok etdi. Ushbu arxitektura loyihalari orasida tanlov gʻolibi deb professor Emin Onat va dotsent Orxan Ardalar tomonidan tayyorlangan loyiha topildi.Turk jamiyatining bagʻrikenglik va tinchliksevar tomonlarini eng yaxshi tasvirlaydigan loyiha boʻlgan Anitkabir qurilishi 1944 yil 9 oktyabrda boshlangan. Otaning jasadi 1953 yil 10 noyabrda Etnografiya muzeyidan 4 bosqichda qurilib, 9 yilda bitkazilgan maqbaraga keltirilib, dafn etilgan.

Anitkabirdagi raqamlar bizga nimani aytadi.

Anitkabir qurilishi uchun tanlangan Rasattepening balandligi dengiz sathidan 907 metrni tashkil qiladi. Mustafo Kamol Otaturkning qabri joylashgan nuqta 905 metr. Bu ikki raqam bizga Otaturkning abadiyatga koʻzlarini yumgan soat 9:05 ni eslatadi.Anitkabirning kirish qismi boʻlgan va arslon yoʻli deb ataladigan bu koridor (alleya) 262 metrni tashkil qiladi. Arslon yoʻlining oʻng va chap tomonida turk haykaltaroshlari qoʻlida jonlangan 24 ta sher haykali bor. 24 arslon, 24 oʻgʻuz qabilasini ifodalaydi.Maydondan jami 42 zinapoyada koʻtarilish orqali Ustunli maqbaraga chiqish mumkin. 42 raqam bizga, Otaturkning respublikani eʼlon qilgandagi yoshi 42 raqamini koʻrsatadi. Otaturk qabr tuprogʻi ham oʻziga yarashgan tarzda tayyorlangan. 67 viloyatdan keltirilgan tuproqlar, jumladan, Selanikdagi uyining bogʻidan, Suriyadagi yagona turk tuprogʻi Shoh Sulaymon maqbarasidan, Janubiy Koreyadagi Turk shahidligidan va Kiprdan olib kelingan tuproqlarni qorishtirib, toʻliq vatan tuprogʻi yaratilgan.

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